You might wonder what chronic utricaria is. Chronic urticaria is essentially an allergic reaction. It can be set off by certain factors or triggers, as is usually expected of all types of allergies. The reaction could be triggered by the simple foods you eat. You might have allergic reactions to a type of food that other people are safe with. For instance, you might eat nuts daily. But it could be the cause of allergies springing up in others. There are a lot of immune cells found in the body, including mast cells, T cells and dendritic cells. Antibodies are produced by the body as a form of defense against the various antigens and other agents entering the body. Allergies, such as chronic urticaria, could be the result of this response by the body. This will be characterized by swelling, itchy feeling, red colored wheal formation and so on. Large layers of the skin are normally affected. Even the mouth and lips aren't spared.
In the pathogenesis process of chronic urticaria, the mast cell is touted to be the main agent. An external source or agent will stimulate the cells into producing histamines. Simultaneously, prostaglandins will also be released into the body.
Vasodilatation subsequently takes place the moment these are released from the cytoplasmic granules. Erythema would then be the next stage. Many mediators are going to be required for wheal formation to happen. For instance, the neutrophils will be releasing many chemo attractants. There will be some itching involved. That means you cannot expect to use antihistamines for this condition. It will not work on the body and reduce the wheal formation as the causative agent is different in each case.
Chronic urticaria can be categorized into two major types. This includes the auto immune chronic urticaria. Roughly 45 percent of those with chronic urticaria acquire this. The other type is idiopathic chronic urticaria, which affects the other 55 percent. Both auto immune and idiopathic chronic urticaria involve the release of a large number of various antibodies. Immunoglobulin G auto antibodies will be produced against the Fc receptor of IgE. The alpha subunit in the Fc receptor of IgE will be what it will be up against. These can also be released against the Fc receptor of the auto antibodies, the anti IgE.
When such reactions or attacks occur in the body, it will lead to the release of histamines from immune cells called basophile. Likewise, this reaction will also develop through the blood's complement system. C5a will be produced in these reactions. This will lead to the further activation of the mast cells in the body. It would also mimic the function of chemo attractants. It will lure in the neutrophils and eosinophils. The clumping together of these immune cells will result in the appearance of lesions all over the skin in different parts of the body. It is also likely that you will witness some swelling and other allergic reactions all over your skin once the dermal mast cells decide to produce and release larger amounts of histamine.
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